Skoko et al. accepted for publication in the FEBS Journal

July 25, 2018

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress signalling - from basic mechanisms to clinical applications.

Aitor Almanza, Antonio Carlesso, Chetan Chintha, Stuart Creedican, Dimitrios Doultsinos, Brian Leuzzi, Andreia Luís, Nicole McCarthy, Luigi Montibeller, Sanket More, Alexandra Papaioannou, Franziska Püschel, Maria Livia Sassano, Josip Skoko, Patrizia Agostinis, Jackie de Belleroche, Leif A. Eriksson, Simone Fulda, Adrienne M Gorman, Sandra Healy, Andrey Kozlov, Cristina Muñoz‐Pinedo, Markus Rehm, Eric Chevet, Afshin Samali

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous intracellular organelle and the first compartment of the secretory pathway. As such, the ER contributes to the production and folding of approximately one third of cellular proteins, and is thus inextricably linked to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the fine balance between health and disease. Specific ER stress signalling pathways, collectively known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), are required for maintaining ER homeostasis. The UPR is triggered when ER protein folding capacity is overwhelmed by cellular demand and the UPR initially aims to restore ER homeostasis and normal cellular functions. However, if this fails, then the UPR triggers cell death. In this review, we provide a UPR signalling-centric view of ER functions, from the ER's discovery to the latest advancements in the understanding of ER and UPR biology. Our review provides a synthesis of intracellular ER signaling revolving around proteostasis and the UPR, its impact on other organelles and cellular behaviour, its multifaceted and dynamic response to stress and its role in physiology, before finally exploring the potential exploitation of this knowledge to tackle unresolved biological questions and address unmet biomedical needs. Thus we provide an integrated and global view of existing literature on ER signaling pathways and their use for therapeutic purposes.

DOI: 10.1111/febs.14608

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